13 research outputs found

    Dyslexia, the internet and stigma : a netnographic study of online communication in people with dyslexia

    No full text
    Titel: Dyslexi, internet och stigma – en netnografisk studie av nĂ€tbaserad kommunikation hos personer med dyslexi Författare: Helena Taubner Handledare: Åsa Wengelin Examinator: Magnus Tideman Magisteruppsats (30 hp) i handikappvetenskap vid Högskolan i Halmstad, vĂ„ren 2013 Uppsatsen Ă€r skriven pĂ„ svenska. VĂ„r kommunikation förĂ€ndras stĂ€ndigt, och internet Ă€r en viktig faktor i den utvecklingen. Nya sĂ€tt att effektivisera skriften, som till exempel förkortningar och specialtecken, vĂ€xer fram. Vi blandar det skrivna sprĂ„ket med foton, filmer, ljudklipp och lĂ€nkar. Normerna för vad som anses vara korrekt sprĂ„k förĂ€ndras. NĂ€r omgivningens förvĂ€ntningar pĂ„ oss inte motsvaras av vĂ„ra förmĂ„gor uppstĂ„r ett stigma. Detta Ă€r vad som hĂ€nder för en person med dyslexi nĂ€r kraven pĂ„ lĂ€s- och skrivförmĂ„ga blir för höga. Vad hĂ€nder nĂ€r kommunikationen flyttas till den sociala miljö som internet utgör, med de nya normer som rĂ„der dĂ€r? Studien behandlar följande tre forskningsfrĂ„gor: ‱ Hur kommunicerar personer med dyslexi pĂ„ nĂ€tet? ‱ Hur resonerar personer med dyslexi om sin nĂ€tbaserade kommunikation? ‱ Hur kontrollerar personer med dyslexi sitt stigma nĂ€r de kommunicerar pĂ„ nĂ€tet? Studien Ă€r en dubbel, kvalitativ fallstudie baserad pĂ„ semistrukturerade intervjuer och netnografisk skuggning av tvĂ„ informanter, Andreas och Linda. Resultaten har analyserats med hjĂ€lp av begrepp frĂ„n Goffmans teori om stigmatisering. Trots att Andreas har större svĂ„righeter med att lĂ€sa och skriva Ă€n Linda, har han Ă€ndĂ„ ett mindre stigma nĂ€r det gĂ€ller kommunikation pĂ„ nĂ€tet, eftersom han mer medvetet kontrollerar sitt stigma. En avgörande faktor för bĂ„da informanterna Ă€r om nĂ€tforumet Ă€r synkront eller asynkront (det Ă€r omöjligt för dem att passera i synkrona forum). Studien visar alltsĂ„ att graden av svĂ„righeter att lĂ€sa och skriva inte nödvĂ€ndigtvis styr graden av stigmatisering.Titel (translated from Swedish): Dyslexia, the internet and stigma – a netnographic study of online communication in people with dyslexia Author: Helena Taubner Supervisor: Åsa Wengelin Examinator: Magnus Tideman Masters thesis (30 ECTS) in Disability Studies, University of Halmstad, Sweden, spring 2013 The thesis is written in Swedish. Our communication continually changes, and the internet is an important factor in that development. New ways of making writing more efficient, for example the use of abbreviations and special symbols are emerging. We mix written language with photos, films, sound clips and links. Norms for what is considered to be the correct use of language are displaced. When our abilities do not match society’s expectations, stigmatization occurs. This is what happens to a person with dyslexia when the demands placed upon them for their reading and writing abilities become too high. What happens when the communication moves into the online environment? The following three issues are addressed: ‱ How do individuals with dyslexia communicate online? ‱ How do individuals with dyslexia relate to their online communication? ‱ How do individuals with dyslexia control their stigma when communicating online? The study is a two-part qualitative case study based upon semi-structured interviews and netnographic shadowing with two informants, Andreas and Linda. The results were analysed with reference to Goffman’s theory of stigma. In spite of the fact that Andreas has greater difficulties with reading and writing than Linda, he experiences less stigma in relation to communication, since he more consciously manages to control his stigma. A crucial factor for both informants is whether or not the online forum is synchronous or asynchronous (it is impossible for them to pass in synchronous forums). Hence, the study suggests that the degree of stigmatization does not necessarily correspond to the degree of difficulties with reading and writing

    Dyslexia, the internet and stigma : a netnographic study of online communication in people with dyslexia

    No full text
    Titel: Dyslexi, internet och stigma – en netnografisk studie av nĂ€tbaserad kommunikation hos personer med dyslexi Författare: Helena Taubner Handledare: Åsa Wengelin Examinator: Magnus Tideman Magisteruppsats (30 hp) i handikappvetenskap vid Högskolan i Halmstad, vĂ„ren 2013 Uppsatsen Ă€r skriven pĂ„ svenska. VĂ„r kommunikation förĂ€ndras stĂ€ndigt, och internet Ă€r en viktig faktor i den utvecklingen. Nya sĂ€tt att effektivisera skriften, som till exempel förkortningar och specialtecken, vĂ€xer fram. Vi blandar det skrivna sprĂ„ket med foton, filmer, ljudklipp och lĂ€nkar. Normerna för vad som anses vara korrekt sprĂ„k förĂ€ndras. NĂ€r omgivningens förvĂ€ntningar pĂ„ oss inte motsvaras av vĂ„ra förmĂ„gor uppstĂ„r ett stigma. Detta Ă€r vad som hĂ€nder för en person med dyslexi nĂ€r kraven pĂ„ lĂ€s- och skrivförmĂ„ga blir för höga. Vad hĂ€nder nĂ€r kommunikationen flyttas till den sociala miljö som internet utgör, med de nya normer som rĂ„der dĂ€r? Studien behandlar följande tre forskningsfrĂ„gor: ‱ Hur kommunicerar personer med dyslexi pĂ„ nĂ€tet? ‱ Hur resonerar personer med dyslexi om sin nĂ€tbaserade kommunikation? ‱ Hur kontrollerar personer med dyslexi sitt stigma nĂ€r de kommunicerar pĂ„ nĂ€tet? Studien Ă€r en dubbel, kvalitativ fallstudie baserad pĂ„ semistrukturerade intervjuer och netnografisk skuggning av tvĂ„ informanter, Andreas och Linda. Resultaten har analyserats med hjĂ€lp av begrepp frĂ„n Goffmans teori om stigmatisering. Trots att Andreas har större svĂ„righeter med att lĂ€sa och skriva Ă€n Linda, har han Ă€ndĂ„ ett mindre stigma nĂ€r det gĂ€ller kommunikation pĂ„ nĂ€tet, eftersom han mer medvetet kontrollerar sitt stigma. En avgörande faktor för bĂ„da informanterna Ă€r om nĂ€tforumet Ă€r synkront eller asynkront (det Ă€r omöjligt för dem att passera i synkrona forum). Studien visar alltsĂ„ att graden av svĂ„righeter att lĂ€sa och skriva inte nödvĂ€ndigtvis styr graden av stigmatisering.Titel (translated from Swedish): Dyslexia, the internet and stigma – a netnographic study of online communication in people with dyslexia Author: Helena Taubner Supervisor: Åsa Wengelin Examinator: Magnus Tideman Masters thesis (30 ECTS) in Disability Studies, University of Halmstad, Sweden, spring 2013 The thesis is written in Swedish. Our communication continually changes, and the internet is an important factor in that development. New ways of making writing more efficient, for example the use of abbreviations and special symbols are emerging. We mix written language with photos, films, sound clips and links. Norms for what is considered to be the correct use of language are displaced. When our abilities do not match society’s expectations, stigmatization occurs. This is what happens to a person with dyslexia when the demands placed upon them for their reading and writing abilities become too high. What happens when the communication moves into the online environment? The following three issues are addressed: ‱ How do individuals with dyslexia communicate online? ‱ How do individuals with dyslexia relate to their online communication? ‱ How do individuals with dyslexia control their stigma when communicating online? The study is a two-part qualitative case study based upon semi-structured interviews and netnographic shadowing with two informants, Andreas and Linda. The results were analysed with reference to Goffman’s theory of stigma. In spite of the fact that Andreas has greater difficulties with reading and writing than Linda, he experiences less stigma in relation to communication, since he more consciously manages to control his stigma. A crucial factor for both informants is whether or not the online forum is synchronous or asynchronous (it is impossible for them to pass in synchronous forums). Hence, the study suggests that the degree of stigmatization does not necessarily correspond to the degree of difficulties with reading and writing

    Afasi och narrativt aktörskap – mediebilder, sjĂ€lvberĂ€ttelser och multimodala litteracitetspraktiker

    No full text
    Afasi Ă€r en förvĂ€rvad sprĂ„klig funktionsnedsĂ€ttning som oftast orsakas av stroke. En person med afasi kan ha svĂ„righeter med bĂ„de talat och skriftligt sprĂ„k, och bĂ„de med produktion och förstĂ„else. DĂ€rför medför afasi att individens förmĂ„ga och förutsĂ€ttningar att skapa sin egen sjĂ€lvberĂ€ttelse, d.v.s. hens narrativa aktörskap (Baldwin, 2005), pĂ„verkas negativt. I en situation dĂ€r hens narrativa aktörskap har begrĂ€nsats behöver hen omförhandla sin identitet. För att göra det speglar hen sina sjĂ€lvberĂ€ttelser i olika sociala strukturer, som bland annat det samtida kommunikationslandskap som prĂ€glas av digital teknik men ocksĂ„ attityder och normer – vilka till stor del skapas och upprĂ€tthĂ„lls av olika medier – gentemot personer med sprĂ„kliga funktionsnedsĂ€ttningar. Den hĂ€r avhandlingen bygger pĂ„ teorier om det ömsesidiga beroendet mellan aktörskap och sociala sturkturer, och syftar till att – genom att studera mediebilder av personer med afasi, sjĂ€lvberĂ€ttelser skapade av personer med afasi samt litteracitetspraktiker inom en grupp av personer med afasi – undersöka narrativt aktörskap hos personer med afasi, för att pĂ„ sĂ„ sĂ€tt bidra med ny kunskap om och ökad förstĂ„else för hur det Ă€r att leva med afasii ett samhĂ€lle prĂ€glat av textbaserad och digitalt medierad kommunikation.Tre delstudier (A-C), vilka presenteras i fyra artiklar, har genomförts. Delstudie A syftade till att undersöka narrativtyper inom svenska tidningsartiklar om att leva med afasi. En majoritet av tidningsartiklarna innehöll berĂ€ttelser dĂ€r personen med afasi hade en lĂ„g grad av narrativt aktörskap och pratades omsnarare Ă€n med. I de fĂ„ fall dĂ€r personen kom till tals sjĂ€lv (eller assisterades av en stĂ€llföretrĂ€dande röst) prĂ€glades mediebilden av framgĂ„ngssagor. Delstudie B syftade sedan till att undersöka sjĂ€lvberĂ€ttelser hos nio personer med afasi, vilka först intervjuades och sedan observerades i sociala medier. De tillĂ€mpade en stor variation av strategier för att kontrollera sitt stigma (Goffman, 1963)och för att hantera identitetsdilemman (Bamberg, 2011). De upplevde ett ökat narrativt aktörskap nĂ€r de kommunicerade i sociala medier jĂ€mfört med i andra sammanhang, pĂ„ grund av den multimodalitet som den digitala tekniken erbjuder. Slutligen syftade delstudie C till att studera litteracitespraktiker inom en grupp av personer med afasi som gick en afasilinje pĂ„ en svensk folkhögskola. Gruppen studerades etnografiskt under tre veckor. Gruppens narrativa aktörskap pĂ„verkades i hög grad av att digital teknik gav tillgĂ„ng till multimodala litteracitetspraktiker och av att gruppens medlemmar samskapade litteracitet genom att anvĂ€nda varandras styrkor. För att diskutera det sammanlagda resultatet frĂ„n de tre delstudierna anvĂ€ndes Bourdieus tankeverktyg lingvistiskt kapital, lingvistisk marknad och legitimt sprĂ„k. Även om afasi innebĂ€r en förlust av sprĂ„kliga förmĂ„gor, sĂ„ kan personen ha kvar vissa lingvistiska kapital. NĂ€r en lingvistisk marknad innehĂ„ller multimodalitet kan en person med afasi vĂ€lja kommunikationsformer som passar hens kvarvarande förmĂ„gor. AlltsĂ„ ökar hens narrativa aktörskap nĂ€r hens kvarvarande lingvistiska kapital motsvarar det som anses vara legitimt sprĂ„k inom en viss lingvistisk marknad. SĂ„ var fallet nĂ€r deltagarna i delstudie B och C deltog i multimodala litteracitetspraktiker. Men nĂ€r berĂ€ttelser om personer med afasi publiceras i svenska tidningsartiklar portrĂ€tteras personerna med en lĂ„g grad av narrativt aktörskap. Mediebilden prĂ€glas dessutom av framgĂ„ngssagor, vilket gör att nĂ€r en person med afasi omformulerar sin sjĂ€vberĂ€ttelse speglar hen dem i ”större” narrativ om lyckliga slut. Fortsatt forskning föreslĂ„s om mediebilder av personer med afasi i andra (mer multimodala) typer av medier, men ocksĂ„ om bland annat hur lingvistiskt kapital hos personer med afasi samspelar med andra typer av socialt kapital som genus och klass.Aphasia is an aquired language disability, most commonly caused by stroke. Since aphasia involves difficulties producing and/or understanding language, written as well as spoken, it entails a reduced ability and opportunity to author one’s own narrative. In the face of this reduced narrative agency (Baldwin, 2005), people who acquire aphasia need to renegotiate their identity. To do so they mirror their stories of self in social structures, including the contemporary communication landscape in which digital tools play an important part, but also norms and attitudes – strongly influenced by the media – towards people with language disabilities. Drawing on theories about the interplay between agency and social structures, this doctoral thesis aims to – by studying media representations of people with aphasia, stories of self authored by people with aphasia and literacy practices within a group of people with aphasia – examine narrative agency in people who live with aphasia in a society influenced by textual and digitally mediated communication.Three studies (A-C), presented in four articles, were conducted. Study A aimed at investigating narrative types in Swedish newspaper articles about living with aphasia. A majority of the newspapers contained stories in which the person with aphasia was talked aboutrather than talked to. In the few cases in which the person was given voice (or was assisted by a vicarious voice), the stories were mainly framed as successs stories. Study B then aimed at examining stories of self authored by nine individuals with aphasia who were interviewed and then observed in social media. They applied a variety of strategies to manage their stigma (Goffman, 1963)and to navigate identity dilemmas (Bamberg, 2011). In addition, the participants experienced a higher degree of narrative agency when communicating in social media than in other practices. The key to this enhanced narrative agency was the multimodality offered by the digital tools. Finally, study C aimed at describing literacy practices within a group of people with aphasia attending an aphasia course at a Swedish folk high school. Ethnographic data were collected during three weeks. The group’s narrative agency was strongly influenced by the use of digital screens to access multimodal literacy practices and by co-creation of literacy events between group members in which they used each other’s abilities. To discuss the overall findings from all three studies, Bourdieus thinking tools linguistic capital, linguistic markets and legitimate language (1991)were used. Although aphasia means partial language loss, some linguistic capitals may remain. When a linguistic market includes multiple modalities, a person with aphasia may chose ways of communication based on her remaining abilities. Thus, her narrative agency increases when her remaining linguistic capitals correspond to what is considered legitmate language within a certain linguistic market. That was the case when the participants in study B and C engaged in multimodal literacy practices. But when the stories of people with aphasia are told in Swedish newspapers, they are portrayed with a low degree of narrative agency. In addition, the newspaper stories are framed as success stories, meaning that when people with aphasia renegotiate their stories of self, they mirror their stories in grand narratives about happy endings. Further research is suggested about representations of people with aphasia in other media types (with a higher degree of multimodality), but also about how the linguistic capitals of people with aphasia interact with other forms of social capital such as gender and class

    Afasi och narrativt aktörskap – mediebilder, sjĂ€lvberĂ€ttelser och multimodala litteracitetspraktiker

    No full text
    Afasi Ă€r en förvĂ€rvad sprĂ„klig funktionsnedsĂ€ttning som oftast orsakas av stroke. En person med afasi kan ha svĂ„righeter med bĂ„de talat och skriftligt sprĂ„k, och bĂ„de med produktion och förstĂ„else. DĂ€rför medför afasi att individens förmĂ„ga och förutsĂ€ttningar att skapa sin egen sjĂ€lvberĂ€ttelse, d.v.s. hens narrativa aktörskap (Baldwin, 2005), pĂ„verkas negativt. I en situation dĂ€r hens narrativa aktörskap har begrĂ€nsats behöver hen omförhandla sin identitet. För att göra det speglar hen sina sjĂ€lvberĂ€ttelser i olika sociala strukturer, som bland annat det samtida kommunikationslandskap som prĂ€glas av digital teknik men ocksĂ„ attityder och normer – vilka till stor del skapas och upprĂ€tthĂ„lls av olika medier – gentemot personer med sprĂ„kliga funktionsnedsĂ€ttningar. Den hĂ€r avhandlingen bygger pĂ„ teorier om det ömsesidiga beroendet mellan aktörskap och sociala sturkturer, och syftar till att – genom att studera mediebilder av personer med afasi, sjĂ€lvberĂ€ttelser skapade av personer med afasi samt litteracitetspraktiker inom en grupp av personer med afasi – undersöka narrativt aktörskap hos personer med afasi, för att pĂ„ sĂ„ sĂ€tt bidra med ny kunskap om och ökad förstĂ„else för hur det Ă€r att leva med afasii ett samhĂ€lle prĂ€glat av textbaserad och digitalt medierad kommunikation.Tre delstudier (A-C), vilka presenteras i fyra artiklar, har genomförts. Delstudie A syftade till att undersöka narrativtyper inom svenska tidningsartiklar om att leva med afasi. En majoritet av tidningsartiklarna innehöll berĂ€ttelser dĂ€r personen med afasi hade en lĂ„g grad av narrativt aktörskap och pratades omsnarare Ă€n med. I de fĂ„ fall dĂ€r personen kom till tals sjĂ€lv (eller assisterades av en stĂ€llföretrĂ€dande röst) prĂ€glades mediebilden av framgĂ„ngssagor. Delstudie B syftade sedan till att undersöka sjĂ€lvberĂ€ttelser hos nio personer med afasi, vilka först intervjuades och sedan observerades i sociala medier. De tillĂ€mpade en stor variation av strategier för att kontrollera sitt stigma (Goffman, 1963)och för att hantera identitetsdilemman (Bamberg, 2011). De upplevde ett ökat narrativt aktörskap nĂ€r de kommunicerade i sociala medier jĂ€mfört med i andra sammanhang, pĂ„ grund av den multimodalitet som den digitala tekniken erbjuder. Slutligen syftade delstudie C till att studera litteracitespraktiker inom en grupp av personer med afasi som gick en afasilinje pĂ„ en svensk folkhögskola. Gruppen studerades etnografiskt under tre veckor. Gruppens narrativa aktörskap pĂ„verkades i hög grad av att digital teknik gav tillgĂ„ng till multimodala litteracitetspraktiker och av att gruppens medlemmar samskapade litteracitet genom att anvĂ€nda varandras styrkor. För att diskutera det sammanlagda resultatet frĂ„n de tre delstudierna anvĂ€ndes Bourdieus tankeverktyg lingvistiskt kapital, lingvistisk marknad och legitimt sprĂ„k. Även om afasi innebĂ€r en förlust av sprĂ„kliga förmĂ„gor, sĂ„ kan personen ha kvar vissa lingvistiska kapital. NĂ€r en lingvistisk marknad innehĂ„ller multimodalitet kan en person med afasi vĂ€lja kommunikationsformer som passar hens kvarvarande förmĂ„gor. AlltsĂ„ ökar hens narrativa aktörskap nĂ€r hens kvarvarande lingvistiska kapital motsvarar det som anses vara legitimt sprĂ„k inom en viss lingvistisk marknad. SĂ„ var fallet nĂ€r deltagarna i delstudie B och C deltog i multimodala litteracitetspraktiker. Men nĂ€r berĂ€ttelser om personer med afasi publiceras i svenska tidningsartiklar portrĂ€tteras personerna med en lĂ„g grad av narrativt aktörskap. Mediebilden prĂ€glas dessutom av framgĂ„ngssagor, vilket gör att nĂ€r en person med afasi omformulerar sin sjĂ€vberĂ€ttelse speglar hen dem i ”större” narrativ om lyckliga slut. Fortsatt forskning föreslĂ„s om mediebilder av personer med afasi i andra (mer multimodala) typer av medier, men ocksĂ„ om bland annat hur lingvistiskt kapital hos personer med afasi samspelar med andra typer av socialt kapital som genus och klass.Aphasia is an aquired language disability, most commonly caused by stroke. Since aphasia involves difficulties producing and/or understanding language, written as well as spoken, it entails a reduced ability and opportunity to author one’s own narrative. In the face of this reduced narrative agency (Baldwin, 2005), people who acquire aphasia need to renegotiate their identity. To do so they mirror their stories of self in social structures, including the contemporary communication landscape in which digital tools play an important part, but also norms and attitudes – strongly influenced by the media – towards people with language disabilities. Drawing on theories about the interplay between agency and social structures, this doctoral thesis aims to – by studying media representations of people with aphasia, stories of self authored by people with aphasia and literacy practices within a group of people with aphasia – examine narrative agency in people who live with aphasia in a society influenced by textual and digitally mediated communication.Three studies (A-C), presented in four articles, were conducted. Study A aimed at investigating narrative types in Swedish newspaper articles about living with aphasia. A majority of the newspapers contained stories in which the person with aphasia was talked aboutrather than talked to. In the few cases in which the person was given voice (or was assisted by a vicarious voice), the stories were mainly framed as successs stories. Study B then aimed at examining stories of self authored by nine individuals with aphasia who were interviewed and then observed in social media. They applied a variety of strategies to manage their stigma (Goffman, 1963)and to navigate identity dilemmas (Bamberg, 2011). In addition, the participants experienced a higher degree of narrative agency when communicating in social media than in other practices. The key to this enhanced narrative agency was the multimodality offered by the digital tools. Finally, study C aimed at describing literacy practices within a group of people with aphasia attending an aphasia course at a Swedish folk high school. Ethnographic data were collected during three weeks. The group’s narrative agency was strongly influenced by the use of digital screens to access multimodal literacy practices and by co-creation of literacy events between group members in which they used each other’s abilities. To discuss the overall findings from all three studies, Bourdieus thinking tools linguistic capital, linguistic markets and legitimate language (1991)were used. Although aphasia means partial language loss, some linguistic capitals may remain. When a linguistic market includes multiple modalities, a person with aphasia may chose ways of communication based on her remaining abilities. Thus, her narrative agency increases when her remaining linguistic capitals correspond to what is considered legitmate language within a certain linguistic market. That was the case when the participants in study B and C engaged in multimodal literacy practices. But when the stories of people with aphasia are told in Swedish newspapers, they are portrayed with a low degree of narrative agency. In addition, the newspaper stories are framed as success stories, meaning that when people with aphasia renegotiate their stories of self, they mirror their stories in grand narratives about happy endings. Further research is suggested about representations of people with aphasia in other media types (with a higher degree of multimodality), but also about how the linguistic capitals of people with aphasia interact with other forms of social capital such as gender and class

    Afasi och narrativt aktörskap – mediebilder, sjĂ€lvberĂ€ttelser och multimodala litteracitetspraktiker

    No full text
    Afasi Ă€r en förvĂ€rvad sprĂ„klig funktionsnedsĂ€ttning som oftast orsakas av stroke. En person med afasi kan ha svĂ„righeter med bĂ„de talat och skriftligt sprĂ„k, och bĂ„de med produktion och förstĂ„else. DĂ€rför medför afasi att individens förmĂ„ga och förutsĂ€ttningar att skapa sin egen sjĂ€lvberĂ€ttelse, d.v.s. hens narrativa aktörskap (Baldwin, 2005), pĂ„verkas negativt. I en situation dĂ€r hens narrativa aktörskap har begrĂ€nsats behöver hen omförhandla sin identitet. För att göra det speglar hen sina sjĂ€lvberĂ€ttelser i olika sociala strukturer, som bland annat det samtida kommunikationslandskap som prĂ€glas av digital teknik men ocksĂ„ attityder och normer – vilka till stor del skapas och upprĂ€tthĂ„lls av olika medier – gentemot personer med sprĂ„kliga funktionsnedsĂ€ttningar. Den hĂ€r avhandlingen bygger pĂ„ teorier om det ömsesidiga beroendet mellan aktörskap och sociala sturkturer, och syftar till att – genom att studera mediebilder av personer med afasi, sjĂ€lvberĂ€ttelser skapade av personer med afasi samt litteracitetspraktiker inom en grupp av personer med afasi – undersöka narrativt aktörskap hos personer med afasi, för att pĂ„ sĂ„ sĂ€tt bidra med ny kunskap om och ökad förstĂ„else för hur det Ă€r att leva med afasii ett samhĂ€lle prĂ€glat av textbaserad och digitalt medierad kommunikation.Tre delstudier (A-C), vilka presenteras i fyra artiklar, har genomförts. Delstudie A syftade till att undersöka narrativtyper inom svenska tidningsartiklar om att leva med afasi. En majoritet av tidningsartiklarna innehöll berĂ€ttelser dĂ€r personen med afasi hade en lĂ„g grad av narrativt aktörskap och pratades omsnarare Ă€n med. I de fĂ„ fall dĂ€r personen kom till tals sjĂ€lv (eller assisterades av en stĂ€llföretrĂ€dande röst) prĂ€glades mediebilden av framgĂ„ngssagor. Delstudie B syftade sedan till att undersöka sjĂ€lvberĂ€ttelser hos nio personer med afasi, vilka först intervjuades och sedan observerades i sociala medier. De tillĂ€mpade en stor variation av strategier för att kontrollera sitt stigma (Goffman, 1963)och för att hantera identitetsdilemman (Bamberg, 2011). De upplevde ett ökat narrativt aktörskap nĂ€r de kommunicerade i sociala medier jĂ€mfört med i andra sammanhang, pĂ„ grund av den multimodalitet som den digitala tekniken erbjuder. Slutligen syftade delstudie C till att studera litteracitespraktiker inom en grupp av personer med afasi som gick en afasilinje pĂ„ en svensk folkhögskola. Gruppen studerades etnografiskt under tre veckor. Gruppens narrativa aktörskap pĂ„verkades i hög grad av att digital teknik gav tillgĂ„ng till multimodala litteracitetspraktiker och av att gruppens medlemmar samskapade litteracitet genom att anvĂ€nda varandras styrkor. För att diskutera det sammanlagda resultatet frĂ„n de tre delstudierna anvĂ€ndes Bourdieus tankeverktyg lingvistiskt kapital, lingvistisk marknad och legitimt sprĂ„k. Även om afasi innebĂ€r en förlust av sprĂ„kliga förmĂ„gor, sĂ„ kan personen ha kvar vissa lingvistiska kapital. NĂ€r en lingvistisk marknad innehĂ„ller multimodalitet kan en person med afasi vĂ€lja kommunikationsformer som passar hens kvarvarande förmĂ„gor. AlltsĂ„ ökar hens narrativa aktörskap nĂ€r hens kvarvarande lingvistiska kapital motsvarar det som anses vara legitimt sprĂ„k inom en viss lingvistisk marknad. SĂ„ var fallet nĂ€r deltagarna i delstudie B och C deltog i multimodala litteracitetspraktiker. Men nĂ€r berĂ€ttelser om personer med afasi publiceras i svenska tidningsartiklar portrĂ€tteras personerna med en lĂ„g grad av narrativt aktörskap. Mediebilden prĂ€glas dessutom av framgĂ„ngssagor, vilket gör att nĂ€r en person med afasi omformulerar sin sjĂ€vberĂ€ttelse speglar hen dem i ”större” narrativ om lyckliga slut. Fortsatt forskning föreslĂ„s om mediebilder av personer med afasi i andra (mer multimodala) typer av medier, men ocksĂ„ om bland annat hur lingvistiskt kapital hos personer med afasi samspelar med andra typer av socialt kapital som genus och klass.Aphasia is an aquired language disability, most commonly caused by stroke. Since aphasia involves difficulties producing and/or understanding language, written as well as spoken, it entails a reduced ability and opportunity to author one’s own narrative. In the face of this reduced narrative agency (Baldwin, 2005), people who acquire aphasia need to renegotiate their identity. To do so they mirror their stories of self in social structures, including the contemporary communication landscape in which digital tools play an important part, but also norms and attitudes – strongly influenced by the media – towards people with language disabilities. Drawing on theories about the interplay between agency and social structures, this doctoral thesis aims to – by studying media representations of people with aphasia, stories of self authored by people with aphasia and literacy practices within a group of people with aphasia – examine narrative agency in people who live with aphasia in a society influenced by textual and digitally mediated communication.Three studies (A-C), presented in four articles, were conducted. Study A aimed at investigating narrative types in Swedish newspaper articles about living with aphasia. A majority of the newspapers contained stories in which the person with aphasia was talked aboutrather than talked to. In the few cases in which the person was given voice (or was assisted by a vicarious voice), the stories were mainly framed as successs stories. Study B then aimed at examining stories of self authored by nine individuals with aphasia who were interviewed and then observed in social media. They applied a variety of strategies to manage their stigma (Goffman, 1963)and to navigate identity dilemmas (Bamberg, 2011). In addition, the participants experienced a higher degree of narrative agency when communicating in social media than in other practices. The key to this enhanced narrative agency was the multimodality offered by the digital tools. Finally, study C aimed at describing literacy practices within a group of people with aphasia attending an aphasia course at a Swedish folk high school. Ethnographic data were collected during three weeks. The group’s narrative agency was strongly influenced by the use of digital screens to access multimodal literacy practices and by co-creation of literacy events between group members in which they used each other’s abilities. To discuss the overall findings from all three studies, Bourdieus thinking tools linguistic capital, linguistic markets and legitimate language (1991)were used. Although aphasia means partial language loss, some linguistic capitals may remain. When a linguistic market includes multiple modalities, a person with aphasia may chose ways of communication based on her remaining abilities. Thus, her narrative agency increases when her remaining linguistic capitals correspond to what is considered legitmate language within a certain linguistic market. That was the case when the participants in study B and C engaged in multimodal literacy practices. But when the stories of people with aphasia are told in Swedish newspapers, they are portrayed with a low degree of narrative agency. In addition, the newspaper stories are framed as success stories, meaning that when people with aphasia renegotiate their stories of self, they mirror their stories in grand narratives about happy endings. Further research is suggested about representations of people with aphasia in other media types (with a higher degree of multimodality), but also about how the linguistic capitals of people with aphasia interact with other forms of social capital such as gender and class

    Increased Agency through Screens and Co-Creation – Literacy Practices within a Group of People with Aphasia at a Swedish Folk High School

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    This article aims to analyse characteristics of collective and authentic literacy practices within a group of people with aphasia attending an aphasia course at a Swedish folk high school. The group included 12 individuals with aphasia who were studied during a period of 3 weeks. Ethnographic data consists of video and audio recordings, photos and field notes. Two main characteristics of the literacy practices were identified: digital screens dominated and bridged the online/offline boundary, and shared knowledge enabled the participants to co-create literacy. The literacy practices were emancipatory, because they provided ways for the participants to un-mask their inherent competence, increasing their agency. When the use of digital technology transforms a (formerly non-literacy) practice into a multimodal literacy practice, and when an individual with aphasia becomes part of a literacy co-creation practice, the disability (understood as a relation between individual and environmental characteristics) caused by aphasia is reduced. © 2019 The Author(s).

    Success Stories : Narrative Types in Swedish Journalistic Newspaper Articles about Living with Aphasia

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    Aphasia is a language impairment caused by acquired brain injury such as stroke. Public awareness about aphasia is low in Sweden as well as internationally. The media is an important source of information on aphasia, but research on how people with aphasia are portrayed in the media is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to increase the knowledge about media representations of people living with aphasia, by studying Swedish journalistic newspaper articles. It focused on stories in which people with aphasia were included in the discussion rather than merely being the subject of the discussion. Drawing on framing theory and Frank’s typology of narrative types, a qualitative ethnographic content analysis was conducted. Swedish print media material published between 2007 and 2018 was collected and 84 articles were identified for inclusion in the analysis. The overall finding was that, within Swedish journalistic newspaper articles, living with aphasia is framed as a success story. Themes and sub-themes were identified within each narrative type, and we suggest expanding Frank’s typology with humour narratives and necessity narratives. Although several narrative types were identified in the studied articles, the overarching success story frame was predominant. Copyright (c) 2021 Helena Taubner, Malin HallĂ©

    Employment Sustainability for People with Intellectual Disability : A Systematic Review

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    Purpose Previous reviews about employment for people with intellectual disability (ID) have left questions about employment sustainability unanswered. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to identify and analyse research regarding employment sustainability for people with ID. The research questions were: What research about employment sustainability for people with ID has been published internationally between 2010 and 2020? In the identified studies, how is employment sustainability defined and measured and what are the main findings regarding employment sustainability? Methods A systematic review was conducted using eight databases from various disciplines including medical, health, and social sciences. After a selection process, 10 articles remained, and a framework matrix was created to analyse them. An employment sustainability definition was used as an analytical tool. Results Ten articles were identified as being about employment sustainability for people with ID. Five of them used qualitative designs and five used quantitative designs. Only four out of ten contained a definition of employment sustainability, and there was an inconsistency in measurement methods. The reported findings in the studied articles were categorised into three types: proportions of long-term employed individuals within the studied population, facilitators and barriers to long-term employment. Conclusions There is only a limited amount of research about employment sustainability for people with ID. Nevertheless, a few facilitators and barriers could be identified. There is no consensus about how to define or measure employment sustainability, making comparisons difficult. © The Author(s) 202

    Still the same? – Self-identity dilemmas when living with post-stroke aphasia in a digitalised society

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    Background: Self-identity construction through “stories of self” is highly relevant for people with aphasia, not only because the onset entails a “biographical disruption” but also since their ability to keep their “stories of self” going is reduced. Three dilemmas (constancy/change, sameness/difference and agency/dependency) are known to be central to identity. In a digitalised society like Sweden, self-identity construction, including the navigation of these dilemmas, takes place both online and offline. Nevertheless, research combining aphasia, identity and online issues is scarce. Aim: This qualitative study aims, in terms identity dilemmas, to investigate self-identity construction in working-age persons living with post-stroke aphasia in a digitalised society (i.e. Sweden). Are the dilemmas relevant to the participants, and if so, how do they navigate them online and offline? Methods and Procedures: Nine individuals (three men and six women, aged 24–54 at onset) with mild or moderate post-stroke aphasia participated. The data comprises nine individual audio-recorded interviews and 1,581 screenshots from online observations. Qualitative analyses were performed (vertically and horizontally), combining inductive and deductive approaches. Outcomes and Results: All three dilemmas are relevant to the participants. They construct their self-identity as both the same as they were pre-stroke and changed. They are both the same and different in relation to other stroke survivors (with or without aphasia), i.e. both “disabled” and “normal”. They display both dependency and agency. Thus, they navigate the dilemmas by constantly negotiating what to include in their stories of self. In addition, telling one story of self offline does not imply telling the same story online. Conclusion: The dilemmas are intertwined and highly relevant to the participants. Offline and online settings evoke different ways for them to navigate the dilemmas. Increased awareness of the possible struggle with self-identity dilemmas in people with aphasia, and the possible difference between their online and offline self-identities, should be of value to family members, clinicians and researchers. Further research based on a larger sample is suggested. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group
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